Whilst asset recovery is a simple idea – the legal retrieval of illegal gains – it is in practice a complex area of law, often involving many different jurisdictions, and a large number of individuals. Judges, prosecutors and other law enforcement actors therefore need knowledge of just not their own domestic legislation in relation to freezing, seizure and confiscation, but also a broader understanding of the relevant international standards, instruments and case law. This publication sets out, in Part 1, the most important international and European conventions and organisations in this area of law, with a particular focus on the European Convention on Human Rights. Part 2 contains summaries of the case law the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union, in cases identified as most relevant to the issues discussed in Part 1.