The guide forms part of a wider project aimed at addressing the challenges the countries of the Western Balkans have faced in response to the increased number of migrants and refugees fleeing into Europe since 2015. Countries in this region are mainly transit countries for migrants and refugees but there has also been an increase in the number of asylum applications in Western Balkan countries themselves in response to the European Union Member States imposing stricter border controls. The authors provide insights, expert commentary, and case summaries of the most important case law from the European Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union, and domestic European courts in relation to asylum. This publication aims to increase the knowledge and capacity of the judiciary in the Western Balkans to ensure the proper implementation of international standards at domestic level and the protection of the fundamental rights of asylum seekers.